Executive Functions and ADHD: Understanding the Connection for Children and Adults

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September is ADHD Awareness Month, making it the perfect time to shine a light on one of the most important yet often misunderstood areas connected to ADHD: executive functions. These are the brain’s self-management skills, the mental processes that allow us to plan, focus, organize, regulate emotions, and adapt to daily challenges.

When executive functions are working smoothly, they act like a personal manager, guiding us through schoolwork, home routines, social life, and even long-term goals. When these skills are delayed or disrupted, something very common in children and adults with ADHD, daily life can quickly become overwhelming. Simple tasks such as starting homework, remembering instructions, or keeping track of time may feel like major obstacles.

In this blog, we’ll explore:

  • What executive functions are and why they matter.
  • How challenges with these skills appear in everyday life.
  • Why children with ADHD often experience delays in executive function development.
  • How parents can support and strengthen these skills at home.
  • What ADHD looks like in adults, especially when it goes undiagnosed.

By spreading awareness, we can replace misconceptions with empathy and provide children, families, and adults with the tools they need to thrive.

What Are Executive Functions?

Executive functions are a set of mental skills located in the brain’s frontal lobe. They include abilities such as working memory, planning, task initiation, emotional control, and flexible thinking. In simple terms, they help us manage ourselves and our responsibilities.

Think of them as the CEO of the brain: directing focus, controlling impulses, and guiding problem-solving.

 

Why Executive Functions Matter Every Day

Strong executive function skills influence nearly every part of a child’s daily life:

  • At home: Getting dressed, cleaning up, and following routines require planning and self-control.
  • At school: Staying on task, completing assignments, and organizing materials rely on focus and working memory.
  • In social life: Managing emotions, resolving conflicts, and adapting to new situations depend on flexible thinking.

When these skills are delayed, children may appear forgetful, unmotivated, or even defiant. In reality, they are struggling with executive functioning, not willpower.

Executive Function Delays in ADHD

Children with ADHD often experience delays in executive function development, sometimes by two to three years. For example, a 10-year-old with ADHD may show executive skills more typical of a 7- or 8-year-old. This explains why everyday expectations such as completing homework or organizing school supplies can feel so overwhelming.

These challenges are linked to neurological differences in the brain’s dopamine and norepinephrine systems, especially in the prefrontal cortex, the hub of executive control.

How Parents Can Spot and Support Executive Function Challenges

Parents may notice challenges such as:

  • Difficulty starting tasks or following multi-step directions.
  • Homework completed but never handed in.
  • Forgetting belongings or losing track of time.
  • Emotional outbursts or quick frustration.

Here are strategies that can help strengthen executive functions at home:

  1. Make the invisible visible: Use charts, checklists, and visual cues.
  2. Break tasks into steps: Scaffold larger tasks and reduce support gradually.
  3. Create routines together: Involve your child in designing systems they will actually use.
  4. Use games and role-play: Board games and pretend play can strengthen memory, flexibility, and self-control.
  5. Highlight strengths: Build on your child’s interests to increase motivation and confidence.


ADHD in Adults: The Hidden Side

Executive function struggles are not limited to children. Many adults with ADHD remain undiagnosed, only recognizing symptoms later in life. These may include chronic disorganization, time blindness, emotional overwhelm, or difficulty with planning and long-term goals.

With proper diagnosis and tailored strategies—such as therapy, structured routines, and external supports—adults with ADHD can learn to manage these challenges effectively and improve quality of life.


Spreading Awareness This September

ADHD is not simply about inattention. It is deeply connected to how executive functions develop and operate. By understanding and supporting these skills, we can help children and adults with ADHD lead more confident, successful lives.

This ADHD Awareness Month, take time to observe your child’s routines, celebrate their strengths, and put small systems in place to support their growth. Awareness is the first step toward meaningful change.

👉 At Talking Brains Center, our psychomotor therapists in Dubai provide therapy and support in English, Arabic, and French, helping both children and adults strengthen executive functions and manage ADHD effectively.